Yesterday we looked at the difference between term and permanent insurance. Today we’re going to examine the most common type of permanent insurance.
Whole life insurance is a type of permanent life insurance, and is designed to remain in effect throughout one’s lifetime. It is well suited to needs that do not diminish over time, such as paying estate settlement costs and taxes. Generally, the life insurance rate (or premium) for this type of policy remains the same throughout the life of the insured. During the early years of the life insurance policy, premiums are much higher than those of a term life insurance policy. As a result, and by design, these life insurance policies develop cash values which can be accessed by the owner of the policy through surrenders or policy loans.
Cash values in whole life insurance policies typically include two components:
- Each life insurance policy has a guaranteed cash value, which typically grows based on a pre-determined schedule during the life of the policy and which “endows” or equals the death benefit upon maturity of the policy (typically at age 100).
- In addition, most whole life insurance policies have a non-guaranteed cash value element, typically made up of “dividends” or “excess interest” which can enhance the value of the life insurance policy over time.
Universal life insurance differs from whole life insurance in that this type of life insurance policy distinguishes and itemizes the protection element (death benefit), the expense element, and the cash value element. By separating the three elements, the insurance company can build more flexibility into the life insurance policy. This flexibility allows (within certain guidelines) the life insurance policy owner to modify the face amount or the premium in response to changing needs and circumstances.
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